group work

Shifting STEM culture


Robin GottliebRobin Gottlieb, Professor of the Practice of Teaching Mathematics, aims to make mathematics accessible and exciting to all students in each of her courses. “When students come to Harvard, they have very different but set ideas of what happens in the classroom,” Gottlieb explains. “In many high school math classrooms, the dominant cultural norm is an ‘I do, you do, we do’ model. The teacher is expected to tell you what to do. One of my main objectives is to shift the culture of the classroom so that students become mathematical thinkers.” Gottlieb works alongside colleagues on the preceptor team to construct classrooms in which students actively participate in the development of ideas. Inspired by colleagues’ such as Eric Mazur’s active learning and John Asher Johnson’s Tao of TALC, Gottlieb has students spend more time working on problems together in groups at the blackboard, reflect actively on questions and lessons from daily problem sets, and co-build community norms around supportive teamwork. Through group work, Gottlieb has developed mathematics classrooms that are more welcoming, active, and empowering places of learning. 

The Secrets of Great Teamwork

For a more recent exploration on how to structure teamwork in the classroom, seeHaas and Mortenson’s (2016) article in the Harvard Business Review on the secrets of great teamwork.

Teaching students how to build better teams


Scott Westfahl, Professor of Practice at Harvard Law SchoolScott Westfahl, Professor of Practice at Harvard Law School, intentionally develops students’ team-based collaboration skills in his law school courses on leadership fundamentals and innovation. Throughout the semester, student groups learn, reflect, and act on what makes a great team in real-time. Westfahl begins with a focus on the academic frameworks for successful teams. Then a series of scaffolded activities and assignments allow students to collaboratively reflect on what they want as a team, consider over time what is working and what isn’t, and work on projects throughout the semester. At the end of his innovation course, Westfahl surprises his students with a “graduation,” where he reads aloud paraphrased reflections from students on each of their group members' contributions.

Encouraging students to engage with one another to solve problems (and problem sets)


Cassandra ExtavourCassandra G. Extavour, Professor of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and of Molecular and Cellular Biology, is one of six co-instructors for LIFESCI 50(A & B) Integrated Science, an intensive two-semester course created by Andrew Murray, Herschel Smith Professor of Molecular Genetics, covering methods and concepts from biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics. They design class discussion and assignments as problems that require students to rely on one another to solve. "We let them know it's normal to not be able to answer everythingon the problem sets on their own. We've structured them that way. They learn to engage with classmates, or with us, to work it out."

Research: Expecting to teach enhances learning and organization of knowledge in free recall of text passages

Participants who studied a text passage in preparation to teach it to another student engaged in more effective learning strategies, and exhibited better recall, than participants who studied solely for an individual test, suggesting that instilling an expectation to teach can be a simple and...

Read more about Research: Expecting to teach enhances learning and organization of knowledge in free recall of text passages

Web conferences (Canvas)

Canvas, Harvard’s learning management system, enables virtual spaces for team-based assignments.

Peer review (Canvas)

Canvas, Harvard’s learning management system, enables virtual spaces for team-based assignments.

Collaborations (Canvas)

Canvas, Harvard’s learning management system, enables virtual spaces for team-based assignments.

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