@inbook {692501,
	title = {Making Static Lessons Adaptive through Crowdsourcing \&amp; Machine Learning},
	booktitle = { Design Recommendations for Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Domain Modeling},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2016},
	abstract = {Text\&nbsp;components\&nbsp;of\&nbsp;digital\&nbsp;lessons\&nbsp;and\&nbsp;problems\&nbsp;are\&nbsp;often\&nbsp;static:\&nbsp;they\&nbsp;are\&nbsp;written\&nbsp;once\&nbsp;and\&nbsp;too\&nbsp;often\&nbsp;not\&nbsp;improved\&nbsp;over\&nbsp;time.\&nbsp;This\&nbsp;is\&nbsp;true\&nbsp;for\&nbsp;both\&nbsp;large\&nbsp;text\&nbsp;components\&nbsp;like\&nbsp;webpages\&nbsp;and\&nbsp;documents\&nbsp;as\&nbsp;well\&nbsp;as\&nbsp;the\&nbsp;small\&nbsp;components\&nbsp;that\&nbsp;form\&nbsp;the\&nbsp;building\&nbsp;blocks\&nbsp;of\&nbsp;courses:\&nbsp;explanations,\&nbsp;hints,\&nbsp;examples,\&nbsp;discussion\&nbsp;questions/answers,\&nbsp;emails,\&nbsp;study\&nbsp;tips,\&nbsp;motivational\&nbsp;messages.\&nbsp;This\&nbsp;represents\&nbsp;a\&nbsp;missed\&nbsp;opportunity,\&nbsp;since\&nbsp;it\&nbsp;should\&nbsp;be\&nbsp;technologically\&nbsp;straightforward\&nbsp;to\&nbsp;enhance\&nbsp;learning\&nbsp;by\&nbsp;improving\&nbsp;text,\&nbsp;as\&nbsp;instructors\&nbsp;get\&nbsp;new\&nbsp;ideas\&nbsp;and\&nbsp;data\&nbsp;is\&nbsp;collected\&nbsp;about\&nbsp;what helps\&nbsp;learning.\&nbsp;We\&nbsp;describe\&nbsp;how\&nbsp;instructors\&nbsp;can\&nbsp;use\&nbsp;recent\&nbsp;work\&nbsp;(Williams,\&nbsp;Kim,\&nbsp;Rafferty,\&nbsp;Maldonado,\&nbsp;Gajos,\&nbsp;Lasecki,\&nbsp;\&amp;\&nbsp;Heffernan,\&nbsp;2016a)\&nbsp;to\&nbsp;make\&nbsp;text\&nbsp;components\&nbsp;into\&nbsp;adaptive\&nbsp; resources\&nbsp; that\&nbsp; semi-automatically\&nbsp; improve\&nbsp; over\&nbsp; time,\&nbsp; by\&nbsp; combining\&nbsp; crowdsourcing methods\&nbsp;from\&nbsp;human\&nbsp;computer\&nbsp;interaction\&nbsp;(HCI)\&nbsp;with\&nbsp;algorithms\&nbsp;from\&nbsp;statistical\&nbsp;machine\&nbsp;learning\&nbsp;that\&nbsp;use\&nbsp;data for\&nbsp;optimization.\&nbsp;},
	author = {Williams, Joseph Jay and Juho Kim and Elena Glassman and Anna Rafferty and Walter Lasecki}
}
